1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:03,100 ♪ ♪ 2 00:00:03,100 --> 00:00:18,400 For many centuries, London was a dangerous place. 3 00:00:18,400 --> 00:00:26,680 He was a magnet for the worst people. 4 00:00:27,320 --> 00:00:29,980 Jack the Ripper dominated the headlines. 5 00:00:29,980 --> 00:00:32,660 But he wasn't the only killer in the area. 6 00:00:32,660 --> 00:00:35,960 Crime was in the air. 7 00:00:35,960 --> 00:00:39,580 The fear of death was everywhere. 8 00:00:39,580 --> 00:00:45,380 But the police had a lot of work to do to catch the culprits. 9 00:00:45,380 --> 00:00:49,560 In this series, we'll investigate 10 00:00:49,560 --> 00:00:52,800 some of the city's most notorious and intriguing crimes. 11 00:00:52,800 --> 00:00:57,260 Female defense... 12 00:00:57,300 --> 00:00:58,300 Female Blame... 13 00:00:58,300 --> 00:01:01,800 The sexual plot... 14 00:01:01,800 --> 00:01:04,020 Violent crime... 15 00:01:04,020 --> 00:01:06,880 As is cutting edge technology 16 00:01:06,880 --> 00:01:09,460 they fueled the nation's insatiable desire 17 00:01:09,460 --> 00:01:12,840 of morbid tales of the dark side of London. 18 00:01:12,840 --> 00:01:27,640 ♪ ♪ 19 00:01:27,640 --> 00:01:30,140 At the beginning of the 20th century, 20 00:01:30,140 --> 00:01:32,340 the situation on the mainland was not good. 21 00:01:32,340 --> 00:01:35,140 Tensions were rising across Europe 22 00:01:35,140 --> 00:01:37,300 and revolutionary movements were taking shape. 23 00:01:37,300 --> 00:01:39,840 Many of the most ardent revolutionaries 24 00:01:39,840 --> 00:01:41,140 were sent into exile, 25 00:01:41,140 --> 00:01:42,800 and London was one of the few 26 00:01:42,800 --> 00:01:44,160 places where they were welcome. 27 00:01:44,160 --> 00:01:48,760 Britain was a refuge 28 00:01:48,760 --> 00:01:50,800 for the people fleeing the pogroms 29 00:01:50,800 --> 00:01:52,320 from Tsarist Russia and Eastern Europe, 30 00:01:52,320 --> 00:01:53,860 so they fled to this country. 31 00:01:53,860 --> 00:01:56,200 And it was an open door policy 32 00:01:56,200 --> 00:01:57,900 which infuriates the Russians. 33 00:01:57,900 --> 00:02:00,280 Some of them were committing crimes, 34 00:02:00,280 --> 00:02:03,300 and it was a major concern. 35 00:02:03,300 --> 00:02:07,120 Surprisingly, they could enter 36 00:02:07,120 --> 00:02:07,820 with weapons. 37 00:02:07,820 --> 00:02:12,760 Lenin and 38 00:02:12,760 --> 00:02:15,340 made London his home in 1908, 39 00:02:15,340 --> 00:02:17,720 along with many other Marxists. 40 00:02:17,720 --> 00:02:19,560 The Great Losses of the Great War 41 00:02:19,560 --> 00:02:21,480 aveau curând să-și facă simțită influența, 42 00:02:21,480 --> 00:02:23,360 and the terrible outbreaks of violence 43 00:02:23,360 --> 00:02:24,320 and murder 44 00:02:24,320 --> 00:02:25,680 they were already spreading 45 00:02:25,680 --> 00:02:28,980 throughout the city. 46 00:02:28,980 --> 00:02:30,560 They introduced what they called 47 00:02:30,560 --> 00:02:34,320 Aliens Act to register aliens 48 00:02:34,320 --> 00:02:37,240 because of concerns about people 49 00:02:37,240 --> 00:02:38,960 who were coming into the country 50 00:02:38,960 --> 00:02:41,620 and fear of crime 51 00:02:41,620 --> 00:02:42,720 which some of them could 52 00:02:42,720 --> 00:02:43,860 commit. 53 00:02:43,860 --> 00:02:47,420 In 1909, 54 00:02:47,420 --> 00:02:48,000 "the horrors of Tottenham" 55 00:03:24,880 --> 00:03:25,900 they shocked the city 56 00:03:25,900 --> 00:03:27,700 when two Jewish anarchists 57 00:03:27,700 --> 00:03:28,800 from the Russian Empire 58 00:03:28,800 --> 00:03:30,160 they committed an armed robbery 59 00:03:30,160 --> 00:03:31,720 who killed two people, 60 00:03:31,720 --> 00:03:33,080 including a policeman, 61 00:03:33,080 --> 00:03:33,880 William Tyler. 62 00:03:33,880 --> 00:03:35,100 As a result, 63 00:03:35,100 --> 00:03:36,280 antisemitism 64 00:03:36,280 --> 00:03:37,820 and fear of immigration 65 00:03:37,820 --> 00:03:39,060 they started to amplify. 66 00:03:39,060 --> 00:03:40,840 A year later, 67 00:03:40,840 --> 00:03:42,400 The Metropolitan Police 68 00:03:42,400 --> 00:03:43,060 would be involved 69 00:03:43,060 --> 00:03:44,260 in one of the most shocking 70 00:03:44,260 --> 00:03:45,560 chapters of its history, 71 00:03:45,560 --> 00:03:47,620 the siege of Sydney Street 72 00:03:47,620 --> 00:03:48,680 in the Whitechapel area 73 00:03:48,680 --> 00:03:53,600 It all started 74 00:03:53,600 --> 00:03:55,400 when another gang of anarchists 75 00:03:55,400 --> 00:03:56,780 this time from Latvia 76 00:03:56,780 --> 00:03:58,760 committed the Houndstitch murders 77 00:03:58,760 --> 00:03:59,700 in East London 78 00:03:59,700 --> 00:04:02,640 Some thieves were trying to break in 79 00:04:02,640 --> 00:04:04,080 a jeweler in Houndstitch 80 00:04:04,080 --> 00:04:07,180 City police officers 81 00:04:07,180 --> 00:04:08,960 they arrived and were greeted 82 00:04:08,960 --> 00:04:11,280 of this firepower 83 00:04:11,280 --> 00:04:13,080 from very powerful weapons 84 00:04:13,080 --> 00:04:14,380 Two police sergeants and a 85 00:04:14,380 --> 00:04:16,980 police officer were killed 86 00:04:16,980 --> 00:04:18,640 Members of the Scots Guards 87 00:04:18,640 --> 00:04:23,460 from the Tower of London 88 00:04:23,460 --> 00:04:24,520 were dispatched to assist the police 89 00:04:24,520 --> 00:04:26,200 The situation was so dire 90 00:04:26,200 --> 00:04:28,700 so that the Minister of the Interior of the time 91 00:04:28,700 --> 00:04:30,620 Winston Churchill decided 92 00:04:30,620 --> 00:04:32,480 that he must go to Sydney Street at once 93 00:04:32,480 --> 00:04:34,520 Winston Churchill himself 94 00:04:34,520 --> 00:04:35,300 appeared 95 00:04:35,300 --> 00:04:40,660 and took over command of the operation 96 00:04:40,660 --> 00:04:42,560 There was smoke coming out of the building 97 00:04:42,560 --> 00:04:44,840 took charge of the operation 98 00:04:44,840 --> 00:04:46,760 There was smoke coming from the 99 00:04:46,760 --> 00:04:48,400 the windows of the house 100 00:04:48,600 --> 00:04:50,480 About to 101 00:04:50,480 --> 00:04:52,340 2 o'clock in the afternoon 102 00:04:52,340 --> 00:04:55,060 the fire spread 103 00:04:55,060 --> 00:04:57,240 Finally, the roof of the house 104 00:04:57,240 --> 00:04:58,000 it collapsed 105 00:04:58,000 --> 00:05:00,980 and it was clear that there was no one left to be 106 00:05:00,980 --> 00:05:02,940 alive and found the two 107 00:05:02,940 --> 00:05:04,480 corpses 108 00:05:04,480 --> 00:05:08,720 At the same time as the Tottenham uprising 109 00:05:08,720 --> 00:05:10,540 and the siege of Sydney Street, 110 00:05:10,540 --> 00:05:12,940 the suffragette movement was becoming 111 00:05:12,940 --> 00:05:14,080 much more militant 112 00:05:14,080 --> 00:05:16,660 and a dangerous individual 113 00:05:16,660 --> 00:05:18,560 take advantage of the situation 114 00:05:18,560 --> 00:05:21,320 in which there were many women. 115 00:05:21,320 --> 00:05:26,180 Without the right to vote and with limited economic and legal power, 116 00:05:26,180 --> 00:05:29,740 women faced gross inequality. 117 00:05:29,740 --> 00:05:32,020 Assumptions about their poor intellect 118 00:05:32,020 --> 00:05:35,340 and of incomparability with men were abundant, 119 00:05:35,340 --> 00:05:38,680 even as the suffragette movement fought back. 120 00:05:38,680 --> 00:05:43,460 - In the second half of the 19th century 121 00:05:43,460 --> 00:05:46,120 many laws were passed in favor of women's rights, 122 00:05:46,120 --> 00:05:48,520 by allowing them to keep their property, he was allowing them 123 00:05:48,520 --> 00:05:50,800 to have their children, separation from their spouse. 124 00:05:50,800 --> 00:05:52,900 All these things came into force. 125 00:05:52,900 --> 00:05:55,960 But women were still denied political rights. 126 00:05:55,960 --> 00:05:59,500 And the WSPU, the Women's Social and Political Union, 127 00:05:59,500 --> 00:06:01,360 headed by Mrs. Pankhurst, were the most 128 00:06:01,360 --> 00:06:04,240 aggressive among the suffragettes. 129 00:06:04,240 --> 00:06:06,500 They started small, smashing shop windows 130 00:06:06,500 --> 00:06:07,300 on Oxford Street. 131 00:06:07,300 --> 00:06:09,380 Attacks were carried out on politicians. 132 00:06:09,380 --> 00:06:11,760 One of the most famous caught Winston Churchill, 133 00:06:11,760 --> 00:06:13,420 who opposed women's suffrage, 134 00:06:13,420 --> 00:06:16,600 and they beat him with a dog-whip, which attracted 135 00:06:16,600 --> 00:06:18,480 a certain level of attention. 136 00:06:18,480 --> 00:06:28,480 For the majority, the only hope of being maintained was in the societal structure that them 137 00:06:28,480 --> 00:06:31,940 fence, marriage. 138 00:06:31,940 --> 00:06:37,280 By today's standards, women had a hard time. 139 00:06:37,280 --> 00:06:44,400 If they married, the husband usually took full legal possession of the joint property. 140 00:06:44,400 --> 00:06:46,120 And so, if a young woman 141 00:06:46,120 --> 00:06:48,440 had money of his own, he could have been in one 142 00:06:48,440 --> 00:06:58,040 very difficult situation. 143 00:06:58,040 --> 00:07:04,680 For young girls, the pressure to find a husband before it was too late was acute, 144 00:07:04,680 --> 00:07:11,620 as well as the despair of the older, still unmarried, whom society threatened 145 00:07:11,620 --> 00:07:13,740 to leave them behind. 146 00:07:13,740 --> 00:07:18,400 These women were numerous and easy to approach. 147 00:07:18,400 --> 00:07:29,960 For some men, one of these women was Margaret Lofty, who in 1914, aged 38, 148 00:07:29,960 --> 00:07:35,620 she married a mysterious individual named John Lloyd, who seemed quite 149 00:07:35,620 --> 00:07:39,340 money 150 00:07:39,340 --> 00:07:45,040 Margaret had had a hard life and marriage seemed to have passed her by, so you can imagine 151 00:07:45,040 --> 00:07:48,360 her enthusiasm for this late love. 152 00:07:48,360 --> 00:07:54,920 The vulnerable, still broken-hearted Margaret fell madly in love with the older, richer man. 153 00:07:54,920 --> 00:08:00,400 He hid his relationship from his parents until they were married, but poor Margaret just lived 154 00:08:00,400 --> 00:08:04,280 a night as a married woman. 155 00:08:04,280 --> 00:08:18,320 The next day, she drowned in the bathroom in the apartment she had taken with her new husband. 156 00:08:18,320 --> 00:08:48,280 That husband claimed to have found her dead in the bathroom, but things were not as they seemed. 157 00:08:48,280 --> 00:08:56,520 News of Margaret's death would eventually reach the desk of Inspector Arthur Neill of Scotland Yard, 158 00:08:56,520 --> 00:09:00,720 which was already busy with the challenges generated by the war with Germany. 159 00:09:00,720 --> 00:09:04,800 Where will he be sent, sir? 160 00:09:04,800 --> 00:09:08,680 I mean, what harm can a German grocer do? 161 00:09:08,680 --> 00:09:13,600 Have you ever tried sauerkraut, sergeant? 162 00:09:18,240 --> 00:09:22,720 It was not supposed to be an easy time to conduct a complicated police investigation. 163 00:09:22,720 --> 00:09:28,940 The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand triggered the events of World War I, 164 00:09:28,940 --> 00:09:36,320 and the United Kingdom had declared war on the German Empire on 4 August 1914. 165 00:09:36,320 --> 00:09:39,600 It was a very tense time. 166 00:09:39,600 --> 00:09:44,700 The war gave us a lot of work. 167 00:09:44,700 --> 00:09:48,080 The Defense of the Realm Act had us busy. 168 00:09:48,200 --> 00:09:52,000 We hunt foreigners, we hunt deserters, 169 00:09:52,000 --> 00:09:54,000 we imposed night shutdowns. 170 00:09:54,000 --> 00:09:56,000 You couldn't buy binoculars anymore. 171 00:09:56,000 --> 00:09:57,900 It was banned. 172 00:09:57,900 --> 00:09:59,900 We were so sick of it all. 173 00:09:59,900 --> 00:10:07,900 The Metropolitan Police made preparations in 1913 174 00:10:07,900 --> 00:10:09,900 for a possible outbreak of war. 175 00:10:09,900 --> 00:10:13,900 They were tasked with monitoring the network of foreign agents 176 00:10:13,900 --> 00:10:15,900 who worked for Kaiser Wilhelm. 177 00:10:15,900 --> 00:10:18,160 Some officers who had retired were brought back 178 00:10:18,160 --> 00:10:19,320 in service. 179 00:10:19,320 --> 00:10:23,360 David Lloyd George and Winston Churchill 180 00:10:23,360 --> 00:10:25,540 they assigned women officers in uniform 181 00:10:25,540 --> 00:10:28,160 to supervise munitions workers, 182 00:10:28,160 --> 00:10:30,280 a measure that will ultimately grant women 183 00:10:30,280 --> 00:10:34,440 greater consideration within the police service as a whole. 184 00:10:34,440 --> 00:10:38,920 - There were more policemen at that time 185 00:10:38,920 --> 00:10:40,880 than I think almost any other time. 186 00:10:40,880 --> 00:10:42,920 Thus, the police were to be called 187 00:10:42,920 --> 00:10:44,420 in World War II, 188 00:10:44,420 --> 00:10:45,780 enlist in military service. 189 00:10:45,780 --> 00:10:48,120 But in the early years, the war was just beginning, 190 00:10:48,120 --> 00:10:50,920 I don't think there was a personnel problem 191 00:10:50,920 --> 00:10:53,420 or a lack of investigating officers. 192 00:10:53,420 --> 00:10:56,260 Soldiers returned on leave, for a short time, 193 00:10:56,260 --> 00:10:58,660 were causing disturbances, so that it was necessary 194 00:10:58,660 --> 00:11:01,040 by a police force in case of murder, 195 00:11:01,040 --> 00:11:04,840 and the detectives were always investigating that. 196 00:11:04,840 --> 00:11:06,480 - Of all the challenges raised 197 00:11:06,480 --> 00:11:09,640 at the outbreak of war, Inspector Arthur Neal 198 00:11:09,640 --> 00:11:13,580 received a disturbing message from a concerned citizen. 199 00:11:13,580 --> 00:11:16,780 A possible serial killer could be on the loose, 200 00:11:16,780 --> 00:11:18,080 and the use of many 201 00:11:18,080 --> 00:11:21,880 name made tracking him very difficult. 202 00:11:21,880 --> 00:11:25,080 Fortunately, they had one of Scotland Yard's greatest detectives, 203 00:11:25,080 --> 00:11:29,360 along with a genius called Bernard Spilsbury, 204 00:11:29,360 --> 00:11:32,320 a real Sherlock Holmes, who will help bring 205 00:11:32,320 --> 00:11:36,040 Metropolitan Police in the field of forensic science. 206 00:11:36,040 --> 00:11:45,780 Margaret Lofty had died in the bathtub a day after she got married 207 00:11:45,780 --> 00:11:48,040 with the mysterious John Lloyd. 208 00:11:48,040 --> 00:11:52,220 At first it appeared that her death had been a tragic accident, 209 00:11:52,220 --> 00:11:54,680 but Scotland Yard was about to receive a message 210 00:11:54,680 --> 00:11:58,520 from a concerned owner who would cast suspicion 211 00:11:58,520 --> 00:12:00,520 on Margaret's husband. 212 00:12:00,520 --> 00:12:08,100 Fortunately, Inspector Arthur Neil was on the case. 213 00:12:08,100 --> 00:12:11,960 He would eventually become one of the so-called Big Four, 214 00:12:11,960 --> 00:12:14,600 the four responsible supervisors 215 00:12:14,600 --> 00:12:18,000 by the Criminal Investigation Department at Scotland Yard. 216 00:12:18,000 --> 00:12:32,080 Very tragic, only 25 years old, young, healthy woman. 217 00:12:32,080 --> 00:12:36,080 It came to light when Mr. Burnham was worried about his daughter Alice, 218 00:12:36,080 --> 00:12:42,080 who had really married against her parents' wishes. 219 00:12:42,080 --> 00:12:47,960 But he had died on his honeymoon in his bathtub. 220 00:12:47,960 --> 00:13:04,560 One of the parents, the father, saw details of the death of another lady, Mrs. Smith, and 221 00:13:04,560 --> 00:13:11,460 he went to the authorities and that's when the whole case started to unravel against him. 222 00:13:11,460 --> 00:13:17,920 Mr. Burnham read another report 223 00:13:17,920 --> 00:13:25,960 in a newspaper about another incident that occurred under similar circumstances 224 00:13:25,960 --> 00:13:33,640 and he said that's exactly what happened to his daughter. The detective also went to the police 225 00:13:33,640 --> 00:13:42,680 Inspector Neil began investigations. Inspector Neil knew that these two 226 00:13:42,680 --> 00:13:47,880 sudden deaths in bathtubs a year apart couldn't just be a coincidence. 227 00:13:47,880 --> 00:13:57,060 He set out to solve the mystery, but it was 1915 and the First World War had begun. 228 00:13:57,060 --> 00:14:01,500 It wasn't going to be easy to catch a potential serial killer when the whole 229 00:14:01,500 --> 00:14:05,260 continent was about to collapse. 230 00:14:05,260 --> 00:14:12,600 The police needed to investigate this earlier bathtub death more. The first 231 00:14:12,600 --> 00:14:17,840 the clue to this puzzle was in the coastal town of Southsea. 232 00:14:17,840 --> 00:14:30,520 Alice Burnham was an intelligent, pretty, 25-year-old girl. 233 00:14:30,520 --> 00:14:36,040 She was the daughter of a coal merchant, trained as a nurse, and by 1913 234 00:14:36,040 --> 00:14:42,360 she had found a job as a carer for an elderly man in the seaside resort of Southsea. 235 00:14:42,360 --> 00:14:45,600 And then he met someone. 236 00:14:45,600 --> 00:14:47,800 An older man, for sure. 237 00:14:47,800 --> 00:14:54,480 He wasn't alone, still quite handsome and conveniently rich. 238 00:14:54,480 --> 00:15:01,160 This man of the world seemed in love with her, and only a month after their first meeting, 239 00:15:01,160 --> 00:15:05,000 Alice wrote to her parents to tell them she was engaged. 240 00:15:05,000 --> 00:15:10,900 Pe 4 noiembrie, s-au căsătorit, împotriva dorințelor părinților ei, la un oficiu 241 00:15:10,900 --> 00:15:13,700 Southsea Civil Registry. 242 00:15:13,700 --> 00:15:17,760 Și doar șase săptămâni mai târziu, ea era moartă. 243 00:15:17,760 --> 00:15:21,360 Drowned in the bathtub. 244 00:15:21,360 --> 00:15:27,520 Soțul ei văduv acum era cunoscut sub numele de George Joseph Smith. 245 00:15:27,520 --> 00:15:30,660 Who was George Joseph Smith? 246 00:15:30,660 --> 00:15:36,140 Ei bine, era un bărbat cu mai multe nume diferite. 247 00:15:36,140 --> 00:15:40,880 He had several different marriages. 248 00:15:40,880 --> 00:15:47,720 Era un fel de escroc și impostor mărunt, adică, la un moment dat se presupunea 249 00:15:47,720 --> 00:15:50,720 că se ocupa cu antichități și bunuri generale. 250 00:15:50,720 --> 00:15:53,160 He had a criminal record dating back to his teens. 251 00:15:53,160 --> 00:15:58,880 He believed in dominating women and could be quite brutal, willing to beat them 252 00:15:58,880 --> 00:16:04,200 if they didn't do as they were told. 253 00:16:04,200 --> 00:16:10,660 The similarities between this case and the recent death of Margaret Lofty were striking. 254 00:16:10,660 --> 00:16:17,680 But could their husbands, John Lloyd and George Smith, be the same person, or was it just one 255 00:16:17,680 --> 00:16:20,680 awful coincidence? 256 00:16:20,680 --> 00:16:26,180 All the police had was a general description of John Lloyd, his husband 257 00:16:26,180 --> 00:16:29,460 Margaret Lofty. 258 00:16:29,460 --> 00:16:36,440 There was no sign of Smith, no sign of Lloyd, and no indication that they were even the same person. 259 00:16:36,440 --> 00:16:42,920 Age unknown, POB unknown, height 1.78m, brown eyes, walks with slightly bent knees 260 00:16:42,920 --> 00:16:43,920 together. 261 00:16:43,920 --> 00:16:47,640 Sir, that could describe half the country. 262 00:16:47,640 --> 00:17:02,020 Time for some real police work, then. 263 00:17:02,020 --> 00:17:06,760 Inspector Arthur Neil was working with Sergeant Harold Reid, who was investigating the 264 00:17:06,760 --> 00:17:09,440 the case of Brides in the Bath. 265 00:17:09,440 --> 00:17:14,860 Together, they visited the place where Margaret Lofty died, and Reid spoke with 266 00:17:14,860 --> 00:17:17,600 the police officer who was first on the scene. 267 00:17:17,600 --> 00:17:33,780 It was on the floor. Empty. I told him to cover it. The husband. It wasn't right. 268 00:17:33,780 --> 00:17:35,480 What did it look like? 269 00:17:35,480 --> 00:17:47,560 A little over 1.75 m. Brown hair. A little grey. Full mustache. He was pumping his arms back 270 00:17:47,560 --> 00:17:54,680 when we got there. Trying to revive her, I guess. I took over before the doctor arrived. 271 00:17:54,680 --> 00:17:59,260 I'm sure you did exactly as you were instructed. 272 00:17:59,260 --> 00:18:06,620 The water in the tub was still warm. 273 00:18:06,620 --> 00:18:15,680 Lloyd took his wife to the doctor the day before she died. Margaret had 274 00:18:15,680 --> 00:18:17,520 apparently a severe headache. 275 00:18:17,520 --> 00:18:22,940 Although the doctor said Lloyd was the only one who spoke. 276 00:18:22,940 --> 00:18:27,540 Officers from Kentish Town Police Station were scouring the country as they tried to find John Lloyd and George Smith to see if they really were the same 277 00:19:09,160 --> 00:19:22,340 person and to find out exactly what happened to Alice Burnham and Margaret Lofty. 278 00:19:22,340 --> 00:19:23,480 Lungs and stomach. 279 00:19:23,480 --> 00:19:27,460 Full of soapy water, as you'd expect. 280 00:19:27,460 --> 00:19:32,860 But normal heart, normal brain. 281 00:19:32,860 --> 00:19:34,360 Any news from Bristol? 282 00:19:34,360 --> 00:19:37,960 I say that without knowing which parish, sir, I cannot do anything. 283 00:19:37,960 --> 00:19:39,920 Over the top, apparently. 284 00:19:39,920 --> 00:19:44,440 Aren't we all? 285 00:19:44,440 --> 00:19:46,200 Yes? 286 00:19:46,200 --> 00:19:49,840 Speaking. 287 00:19:49,840 --> 00:19:51,740 Aha. 288 00:19:51,740 --> 00:19:53,440 Yes? 289 00:19:53,440 --> 00:19:55,680 Interesting. 290 00:19:55,680 --> 00:19:57,640 Of course, do. 291 00:19:57,640 --> 00:19:58,680 You have the number. 292 00:19:58,680 --> 00:20:04,680 Thank you. 293 00:20:04,680 --> 00:20:08,680 A week before she died, Margaret took out life insurance. 294 00:20:08,680 --> 00:20:11,680 700 pounds. 295 00:20:11,680 --> 00:20:13,680 Now her husband's lawyer is trying to claim it. 296 00:20:13,680 --> 00:20:19,680 Margaret lied to get the policy. 297 00:20:19,680 --> 00:20:23,400 He claimed he had independent means. 298 00:20:23,400 --> 00:20:27,000 He said he had no intention of marrying anyone, either. 299 00:20:27,000 --> 00:20:28,440 Lloyd was behind it all, of course. 300 00:20:28,440 --> 00:20:33,240 First, he went to the doctor 301 00:20:33,240 --> 00:20:36,000 saying his wife was having seizures or convulsions. 302 00:20:36,000 --> 00:20:37,680 Once this has been established with the doctor, 303 00:20:37,680 --> 00:20:40,320 then take extended life insurance. 304 00:20:40,320 --> 00:20:44,600 And then the wife was drowned. 305 00:20:44,600 --> 00:20:48,480 George Joseph Smith went to lawyers 306 00:20:48,480 --> 00:20:53,360 to raise the details regarding 307 00:20:53,360 --> 00:20:58,920 the will of his last new wife, which was to bring him money. 308 00:20:58,920 --> 00:21:01,120 He found that in the lawyer's office 309 00:21:01,120 --> 00:21:03,260 it was Detective Inspector Neil, who had some very serious questions 310 00:21:03,260 --> 00:21:06,880 was Detective Inspector Neil, who had some very serious 311 00:21:06,880 --> 00:21:10,520 to put them. 312 00:21:06,880 --> 00:21:10,520 questions to ask him. 313 00:21:06,880 --> 00:21:10,520 to put them. 314 00:21:06,880 --> 00:21:10,520 questions to ask him. 315 00:21:10,520 --> 00:21:15,200 George Joseph Smith, born January 11, 1872, 316 00:21:15,200 --> 00:21:17,500 Old Ford, Bethnal Green. 317 00:21:17,500 --> 00:21:21,400 No regular commitment or fixed address. 318 00:21:21,400 --> 00:21:23,320 Sounds good, crook. 319 00:21:23,320 --> 00:21:28,320 We'll have to find out everything we can about his finances. 320 00:21:28,320 --> 00:21:30,320 Do you think there are more, sir? 321 00:21:30,320 --> 00:21:34,320 It was a system. 322 00:21:34,320 --> 00:21:38,320 Seduction, marriage and then life insurance. 323 00:21:38,320 --> 00:21:42,320 And these bogus doctor visits. 324 00:21:42,320 --> 00:21:45,320 I was convinced that Smith had perfected it through practice. 325 00:21:45,320 --> 00:21:53,280 Their research found that a month before 326 00:21:53,280 --> 00:21:57,280 Alice to get life insurance, Smith bought an annuity 327 00:21:57,280 --> 00:21:58,280 from the same company. 328 00:21:58,280 --> 00:22:02,280 The cost of that annuity was £1,300. 329 00:22:02,280 --> 00:22:05,280 It is worth more than 100 times more today. 330 00:22:05,280 --> 00:22:10,280 This was a huge sum for a man of no apparent means. 331 00:22:10,280 --> 00:22:14,280 The pressing question for the police was what or who 332 00:22:14,280 --> 00:22:17,280 had been the source of that amount of money. 333 00:22:17,280 --> 00:22:20,280 Answering that question would help unravel it 334 00:22:20,280 --> 00:22:23,240 the mystery of brides in the barn. 335 00:22:23,240 --> 00:22:26,240 It was a road. 336 00:22:26,240 --> 00:22:29,240 Few police knew how bizarre 337 00:22:29,240 --> 00:22:33,240 and terrifying was the life that George Joseph Smith led. 338 00:22:33,240 --> 00:22:36,240 The investigation would require all efforts 339 00:22:36,240 --> 00:22:39,240 one of the greatest forensic scientists of the era 340 00:22:39,240 --> 00:22:42,240 and it would lead to an incredible process that would captivate 341 00:22:42,240 --> 00:22:45,240 the attention of an audience looking for anything 342 00:22:45,240 --> 00:22:49,240 to distract them from the worries of the First World War. 343 00:22:53,200 --> 00:22:56,200 Thanks to a lot of detective work, 344 00:22:56,200 --> 00:22:58,200 The Metropolitan Police discovered that 345 00:22:58,200 --> 00:23:00,200 the husband of the recently deceased 346 00:23:00,200 --> 00:23:02,200 Margaret Lofty and Alice Burnham 347 00:23:02,200 --> 00:23:05,200 he was a man born George Joseph Smith. 348 00:23:05,200 --> 00:23:09,200 He had used many aliases and gotten into a lot of 349 00:23:09,200 --> 00:23:12,200 bigamous marriages before disappearing 350 00:23:12,200 --> 00:23:14,200 with women's money. 351 00:23:14,200 --> 00:23:17,200 But in the end, he was in custody. 352 00:23:17,200 --> 00:23:20,200 But Inspector Arthur Neil believed there might be 353 00:23:20,200 --> 00:23:23,160 other victims still undiscovered. 354 00:23:23,160 --> 00:23:25,120 And he was right. 355 00:23:25,120 --> 00:23:33,120 In 1910, Bessie Mundy was single. 356 00:23:33,120 --> 00:23:37,120 Unfulfilled dreams of marriage and family. 357 00:23:37,120 --> 00:23:42,120 Now at 33, those hopes seemed lost. 358 00:23:42,120 --> 00:23:46,120 But the next summer she met a man, 359 00:23:46,120 --> 00:23:50,120 a Londoner who introduced himself as Henry Williams. 360 00:23:50,120 --> 00:23:53,120 He charmed her with stories about the capital 361 00:23:53,120 --> 00:23:57,120 and traveling around the world as a painting restorer. 362 00:23:57,120 --> 00:24:01,120 A whirlwind romance led to marriage. 363 00:24:01,120 --> 00:24:03,120 Her father, a bank manager, 364 00:24:03,120 --> 00:24:06,120 left him £2,500 by will. 365 00:24:06,120 --> 00:24:10,120 This handsome sum was invested in a trust 366 00:24:10,120 --> 00:24:13,120 administered by her uncle. 367 00:24:13,120 --> 00:24:15,120 As long as Bessie was alive, 368 00:24:15,120 --> 00:24:18,120 the money was locked in the trust. 369 00:24:18,120 --> 00:24:20,120 But if he died, 370 00:24:20,120 --> 00:24:23,080 the money would have passed to the heir 371 00:24:23,080 --> 00:24:25,040 his fortune. 372 00:24:25,040 --> 00:24:30,040 George chose to marry a number of women 373 00:24:30,040 --> 00:24:34,040 to benefit from financial properties 374 00:24:34,040 --> 00:24:36,040 that came with them. 375 00:24:36,040 --> 00:24:38,040 And automatically, 376 00:24:38,040 --> 00:24:41,040 their money on their death became his. 377 00:24:41,040 --> 00:24:46,040 The ladies all emphasize his charm, 378 00:24:46,040 --> 00:24:48,040 his magnetic eyes. 379 00:24:48,040 --> 00:24:51,040 He says how easy it was to conquer a woman. 380 00:24:51,040 --> 00:24:53,040 He had to have something 381 00:24:53,040 --> 00:24:55,040 a kind of hypnotic way 382 00:24:55,040 --> 00:24:58,040 to interact with women, 383 00:24:58,040 --> 00:25:00,040 probably outdone only by his greed 384 00:25:00,040 --> 00:25:03,040 to get their money later. 385 00:25:03,040 --> 00:25:07,040 For a man of commanding intensity 386 00:25:07,040 --> 00:25:10,040 to convince a simple girl like Bessie 387 00:25:10,040 --> 00:25:13,040 to make him her sole beneficiary 388 00:25:13,040 --> 00:25:15,040 it was easy enough. 389 00:25:15,040 --> 00:25:18,040 All he had to do now 390 00:25:18,040 --> 00:25:21,040 was to convince her to take a bath. 391 00:25:21,040 --> 00:25:24,040 ♪♪ 392 00:25:24,040 --> 00:25:28,040 Well, actually, I could have turned the case over to a subordinate. 393 00:25:28,040 --> 00:25:31,040 It would have been nice, I'm sure. 394 00:25:31,040 --> 00:25:35,040 It could all have been a remarkable and tragic coincidence. 395 00:25:35,040 --> 00:25:40,040 But Inspector Arthur Neil knew that two deaths were strikingly similar 396 00:25:40,040 --> 00:25:44,040 involving the same man were unlikely to be a coincidence. 397 00:25:44,040 --> 00:25:49,040 His department contacted the Home Office's most eminent pathologist 398 00:25:49,040 --> 00:25:51,040 to help with the investigation. 399 00:25:51,040 --> 00:25:55,040 The pathologist wanted all the caddies in which the women died 400 00:25:55,040 --> 00:25:59,040 to be sent to London for further tests. 401 00:25:59,040 --> 00:26:05,040 From the audience, sir. 402 00:26:05,040 --> 00:26:07,040 Possible solutions. 403 00:26:07,040 --> 00:26:15,040 Sorry. 404 00:26:15,040 --> 00:26:17,040 The taxi driver ignored my directions. 405 00:26:17,040 --> 00:26:19,040 He took a wrong route. 406 00:26:19,040 --> 00:26:29,040 Are you just going to sit there or should we start? 407 00:26:29,040 --> 00:26:34,040 That was Dr. Spilsbury. 408 00:26:34,040 --> 00:26:36,040 A brilliant man. 409 00:26:36,040 --> 00:26:39,040 Perhaps too aware of it even then. 410 00:26:39,040 --> 00:26:43,040 With the help of Bernard Spilsbury, 411 00:26:43,040 --> 00:26:48,040 the police discovered more and more about the life of George Joseph Smith. 412 00:26:48,040 --> 00:26:52,040 They quickly learned of his first victim, Bessie Munday, 413 00:26:52,040 --> 00:26:55,040 but they always knew it would be a challenge 414 00:26:55,040 --> 00:26:58,040 to prove that he was a criminal. 415 00:26:58,040 --> 00:27:04,040 The bodies of George Smith's three dead wives were exhumed, 416 00:27:04,040 --> 00:27:08,040 but little more could be learned from their decayed remains, 417 00:27:08,040 --> 00:27:11,040 even by the eminent doctor who examined them. 418 00:27:11,040 --> 00:27:15,040 Acesta a fost Dr. Bernard Spilsbury. 419 00:27:15,040 --> 00:27:18,040 Știința criminalisticii avansa rapid, 420 00:27:18,040 --> 00:27:21,040 oferind metode noi și interesante 421 00:27:21,040 --> 00:27:24,040 de prindere și condamnare a criminalilor. 422 00:27:24,040 --> 00:27:28,040 This was a time proud of its technological marvels. 423 00:27:28,040 --> 00:27:32,040 Iar în Spilsbury, națiunea a găsit 424 00:27:32,040 --> 00:27:35,040 o versiune reală a lui Sherlock Holmes. 425 00:27:35,040 --> 00:27:42,040 Bernard Spilsbury made a name for himself with the Crippen case 426 00:27:42,040 --> 00:27:46,040 and quickly established an extraordinary reputation. 427 00:27:46,040 --> 00:27:48,040 A devenit patologul de frunte, 428 00:27:48,040 --> 00:27:53,040 who dealt with high-profile murder cases. 429 00:27:53,040 --> 00:27:55,040 He was very much like Sherlock Holmes. 430 00:27:55,040 --> 00:27:58,040 One thing he always insisted on was a good sense of smell. 431 00:27:58,040 --> 00:28:00,040 There are some famous photos 432 00:28:00,040 --> 00:28:02,040 where the remains are visible 433 00:28:02,040 --> 00:28:07,040 and Spilsbury leaned his nose into that rotting flesh, 434 00:28:07,040 --> 00:28:09,040 and the detectives next door return, 435 00:28:09,040 --> 00:28:12,040 and it's pretty clear that one or two of them want to throw up 436 00:28:12,040 --> 00:28:14,040 to what I see and smell. 437 00:28:14,040 --> 00:28:18,040 Spilsbury was crucial 438 00:28:18,040 --> 00:28:21,040 in obtaining a conviction in the international sensation 439 00:28:21,040 --> 00:28:24,040 which was Dr. Crippen's trial. 440 00:28:24,040 --> 00:28:26,040 Even more recently, however, 441 00:28:26,040 --> 00:28:30,040 Spilsbury was called on the Frederick Seddon case. 442 00:28:30,040 --> 00:28:33,040 Seddon, like George Joseph Smith, 443 00:28:33,040 --> 00:28:36,040 was accused of taking advantage of a woman, 444 00:28:36,040 --> 00:28:40,040 stealing her money, then killing her soon after. 445 00:28:40,040 --> 00:28:42,040 Spilsbury testified at trial 446 00:28:42,040 --> 00:28:45,040 which led to Seddon's conviction for the murder of Eliza Barrow 447 00:28:45,040 --> 00:28:46,040 by arsenic poisoning, 448 00:28:46,040 --> 00:28:47,040 obtained from poison. 449 00:28:47,040 --> 00:28:49,040 But the case of the Grooms from the Bath 450 00:28:49,040 --> 00:28:53,040 it was he who secured Spilsbury's inheritance. 451 00:28:53,040 --> 00:28:56,040 His reputation was so great at one time, 452 00:28:56,040 --> 00:28:57,040 even if he was wrong 453 00:28:57,040 --> 00:28:59,040 the jurors were prepared to believe him 454 00:28:59,040 --> 00:29:01,040 rather than another pathologist, 455 00:29:01,040 --> 00:29:04,040 which in some cases was clearly correct. 456 00:29:04,040 --> 00:29:06,040 He had this legendary reputation. 457 00:29:06,040 --> 00:29:10,040 As Bernard Spilsbury rose to prominence 458 00:29:10,040 --> 00:29:11,040 and well-known, 459 00:29:11,040 --> 00:29:14,040 pathology gained more and more prominence 460 00:29:14,040 --> 00:29:16,040 at least in the late 19th century, 461 00:29:16,040 --> 00:29:19,040 at least in murder trials. 462 00:29:19,040 --> 00:29:22,040 He was becoming more and more scientific 463 00:29:22,040 --> 00:29:24,040 and actually developed 464 00:29:24,040 --> 00:29:27,040 the entire area of what we would now call 465 00:29:27,040 --> 00:29:30,040 forensic science. 466 00:29:30,040 --> 00:29:35,040 Inspector Neil and Sergeant Reid 467 00:29:35,040 --> 00:29:37,040 they performed an experiment 468 00:29:37,040 --> 00:29:40,040 designed by Dr. Bernard Spilsbury. 469 00:29:40,040 --> 00:29:45,040 Kentish Town Police 470 00:29:45,040 --> 00:29:47,040 and Dr. Spilsbury 471 00:29:47,040 --> 00:29:49,040 would work tirelessly 472 00:29:49,040 --> 00:29:51,040 in an attempt to discover how 473 00:29:51,040 --> 00:29:53,040 George Joseph Smith had three of his wives 474 00:29:53,040 --> 00:29:55,040 to die in a bathtub 475 00:29:55,040 --> 00:29:57,040 no obvious injuries or 476 00:29:57,040 --> 00:29:59,040 even clear signs of drowning. 477 00:29:59,040 --> 00:30:01,040 However, 478 00:30:01,040 --> 00:30:04,040 Spilsbury had a flash of inspiration. 479 00:30:04,040 --> 00:30:09,040 They love a good murder mystery. 480 00:30:09,040 --> 00:30:12,040 Mr. Marchant of Highgate writes: 481 00:30:12,040 --> 00:30:14,040 It is quite possible to choke 482 00:30:14,040 --> 00:30:16,040 a person lying in a bathtub 483 00:30:16,040 --> 00:30:18,040 pouring them enough 484 00:30:18,040 --> 00:30:20,040 amount of carbonic acid gas. 485 00:30:20,040 --> 00:30:25,040 It worries me how he acquired such knowledge. 486 00:30:25,040 --> 00:30:29,040 Do you think Mr. Smith is a scientist, Doctor? 487 00:30:29,040 --> 00:30:35,040 Doctor! 488 00:30:35,040 --> 00:30:41,040 In 1841, 489 00:30:41,040 --> 00:30:43,040 Caledonia sank 490 00:30:43,040 --> 00:30:46,040 off the coast of Cornwall. 491 00:30:46,040 --> 00:30:53,040 When the captain's body was found on the beach the next day, 492 00:30:53,040 --> 00:30:56,040 something rather curious was noticed. 493 00:30:56,040 --> 00:31:01,040 The shock of entering the water 494 00:31:01,040 --> 00:31:05,040 knocked him unconscious so quickly, 495 00:31:05,040 --> 00:31:10,040 so that he still had a sack in each hand when they found him. 496 00:31:12,040 --> 00:31:16,040 The phenomenon is called inhibition. 497 00:31:16,040 --> 00:31:21,040 There were no signs of a struggle. 498 00:31:21,040 --> 00:31:29,040 Mrs. Munday had a bar of soap in her hand when the doctor came. 499 00:31:29,040 --> 00:31:38,040 And no sign of a struggle. 500 00:31:38,040 --> 00:31:41,040 It was just a theory. That's it. 501 00:31:41,040 --> 00:31:44,040 Not something that could lead to a conviction. 502 00:31:44,040 --> 00:31:48,040 So I worked hard, down to the most solid facts. 503 00:31:48,040 --> 00:31:52,040 In the end, I had 253 samples. 504 00:31:52,040 --> 00:31:58,040 Marriage certificates, death certificates, letters, photos, anything you want. 505 00:31:58,040 --> 00:32:03,040 Every bit of evidence I could muster, this man was not going to be free. 506 00:32:03,040 --> 00:32:10,040 The trial was one of the most complex in British legal history. 507 00:32:10,040 --> 00:32:15,040 112 witnesses from 40 different cities. 508 00:32:15,040 --> 00:32:17,040 The audience was fascinated. 509 00:32:17,040 --> 00:32:21,040 A welcome distraction from the war in France. 510 00:32:21,040 --> 00:32:24,040 English justice continued undisturbed. 511 00:32:24,040 --> 00:32:27,040 A touch of sex and scandal, 512 00:32:27,040 --> 00:32:31,040 along with the strangely seductive figure of Smith himself, 513 00:32:31,040 --> 00:32:35,040 they helped draw large crowds to the Old Bailey. 514 00:32:35,040 --> 00:32:39,040 Smith was to be defended by one of the most famous 515 00:32:39,040 --> 00:32:44,040 lawyers of the time, Edward Marshall Hall. 516 00:32:44,040 --> 00:32:48,040 And Dr. Spilsbury's theories were about to be put to the ultimate test 517 00:32:48,040 --> 00:32:50,040 when he testified 518 00:32:50,040 --> 00:32:53,040 hoping to get a conviction for murder. 519 00:32:53,040 --> 00:33:00,040 The police had George Joseph Smith in custody. 520 00:33:00,040 --> 00:33:03,040 He was clearly guilty of bigamy, 521 00:33:03,040 --> 00:33:06,040 but they were determined to convict him of murder. 522 00:33:06,040 --> 00:33:08,040 Dr. Bernard Spilsbury developed 523 00:33:08,040 --> 00:33:12,040 a theory about how Smith killed three of his wives, 524 00:33:12,040 --> 00:33:15,040 which he wanted to present before the court. 525 00:33:15,040 --> 00:33:17,040 Under English law, 526 00:33:17,040 --> 00:33:19,040 Smith was tried only for murder 527 00:33:19,040 --> 00:33:22,040 the first victim, Bessie Mundy. 528 00:33:22,040 --> 00:33:25,040 But, in a legal first, the prosecution was able 529 00:33:25,040 --> 00:33:29,040 to use the death of Alice Burnham and Margaret Lofty 530 00:33:29,040 --> 00:33:32,040 as evidence of the activity of a serial criminal. 531 00:33:32,040 --> 00:33:43,040 The star witness took his seat on the bench 532 00:33:43,040 --> 00:33:50,040 on the sixth day of the trial, Monday, June 28, 1915. 533 00:33:50,040 --> 00:34:00,040 Dr. Spilsbury, supposing that a bather faints. 534 00:34:36,040 --> 00:34:38,040 Would breathing stop? 535 00:34:38,040 --> 00:34:41,040 Would breathing continue? 536 00:34:41,040 --> 00:34:43,040 Up to a certain point. 537 00:34:43,040 --> 00:34:46,040 You can give us an opinion about what would happen 538 00:34:46,040 --> 00:34:49,040 if the face were submerged while passing out? 539 00:34:49,040 --> 00:34:52,040 Would your mouth water? 540 00:34:52,040 --> 00:34:56,040 Yes, and it would pass into the trachea. 541 00:34:56,040 --> 00:34:59,040 And what effect would this have? 542 00:34:59,040 --> 00:35:03,040 It would have a very strong stinging effect 543 00:35:03,040 --> 00:35:07,040 and would probably wake the person from fainting. 544 00:35:07,040 --> 00:35:08,040 Now if that person 545 00:35:08,040 --> 00:35:11,040 would actually be conscious and then suddenly be submerged, 546 00:35:11,040 --> 00:35:14,040 would it be a shock to the system? 547 00:35:14,040 --> 00:35:18,040 Yes, if it were unexpected. 548 00:35:18,040 --> 00:35:21,040 It could be if he waited. 549 00:35:21,040 --> 00:35:24,040 And if he had received a shock due to the sudden submersion, 550 00:35:24,040 --> 00:35:28,040 would consciousness be preserved or would it be lost? 551 00:35:28,040 --> 00:35:31,040 It would be lost immediately. 552 00:35:31,040 --> 00:35:33,040 You mean immediately after the submersion? 553 00:35:33,040 --> 00:35:35,040 Yes. 554 00:35:35,040 --> 00:35:37,040 Or almost immediately? 555 00:35:37,040 --> 00:35:42,040 In fact, immediately. 556 00:35:42,040 --> 00:35:44,040 Thank you, doctor. 557 00:35:44,040 --> 00:35:56,040 In the process, they explained that it is possible to drown in a bathtub 558 00:35:56,040 --> 00:36:02,040 if someone lifts your back legs. 559 00:36:02,040 --> 00:36:06,040 It is assumed that they developed the theory that the tubs that were shown to them 560 00:36:06,040 --> 00:36:08,040 were too short and if the body became stiff, 561 00:36:08,040 --> 00:36:13,040 then the body would not have reached the water. 562 00:36:13,040 --> 00:36:22,040 A policewoman demonstrated this during the trial. 563 00:36:22,040 --> 00:36:26,040 At critical moments, I almost drowned her, because what he did, 564 00:36:26,040 --> 00:36:31,040 raised her legs very suddenly and pushed her head down, 565 00:36:31,040 --> 00:36:35,040 and she passed out almost immediately. 566 00:36:35,040 --> 00:36:38,040 He had to be given artificial respiration. 567 00:36:38,040 --> 00:36:41,040 It was a very impressive demonstration 568 00:36:41,040 --> 00:36:47,040 which actually showed the method that George Joseph Smith used. 569 00:36:47,040 --> 00:36:53,040 Smith was defended by one of the great lawyers of the time, 570 00:36:53,040 --> 00:36:56,040 renowned lawyer Edward Marshall Hall, 571 00:36:56,040 --> 00:37:00,040 but even Marshall Hall found this case difficult. 572 00:37:00,040 --> 00:37:04,040 His early attempts to stop evidence related to Alice Burnham's death being presented 573 00:37:04,040 --> 00:37:08,040 and Margaret Lofty were unsuccessful. 574 00:37:08,040 --> 00:37:14,040 Edward Marshall Hall, defense attorney, 575 00:37:14,040 --> 00:37:16,040 a rather extravagant man, 576 00:37:16,040 --> 00:37:22,040 very good at convincing juries that there was an element of doubt and so on, 577 00:37:22,040 --> 00:37:26,040 and some legal genius too, 578 00:37:26,040 --> 00:37:30,040 and one of the prominent lawyers of his age. 579 00:37:30,040 --> 00:37:33,040 Marshall Hall was known 580 00:37:33,040 --> 00:37:35,040 as the great defender. 581 00:37:35,040 --> 00:37:37,040 His tactics in trials 582 00:37:37,040 --> 00:37:39,040 was to use the scales of justice. 583 00:37:39,040 --> 00:37:42,040 He was standing there and one arm was reaching up 584 00:37:42,040 --> 00:37:43,040 and another came down, 585 00:37:43,040 --> 00:37:45,040 and so he argued his case. 586 00:37:45,040 --> 00:37:48,040 So if Marshall Hall defends you, 587 00:37:48,040 --> 00:37:51,040 it was a great assurance 588 00:37:51,040 --> 00:37:53,040 and would have done everything possible for you 589 00:37:53,040 --> 00:37:57,040 in the highest tradition of lawyers. 590 00:37:57,040 --> 00:38:01,040 George Joseph Smith himself 591 00:38:01,040 --> 00:38:02,040 he never went to court. 592 00:38:02,040 --> 00:38:04,040 Marshall Hall presented a note 593 00:38:04,040 --> 00:38:06,040 which showed that his client 594 00:38:06,040 --> 00:38:08,040 he did not want to testify. 595 00:38:08,040 --> 00:38:10,040 But the great defender 596 00:38:10,040 --> 00:38:12,040 hoped to find loopholes 597 00:38:12,040 --> 00:38:14,040 in Spilsbury's arguments. 598 00:38:14,040 --> 00:38:16,040 Dr. Spilsbury, 599 00:38:16,040 --> 00:38:18,040 epilepsy is a very difficult subject. 600 00:38:18,040 --> 00:38:20,040 It has various symptoms. 601 00:38:20,040 --> 00:38:22,040 Yes, it has. 602 00:38:22,040 --> 00:38:24,040 And of course, they can be 603 00:38:24,040 --> 00:38:26,040 extremely varied in degree. 604 00:38:26,040 --> 00:38:28,040 Yes. 605 00:38:28,040 --> 00:38:30,040 I can say that many people 606 00:38:30,040 --> 00:38:31,040 suffered from 607 00:38:31,040 --> 00:38:33,040 a highly modified form of epilepsy, 608 00:38:33,040 --> 00:38:35,040 a highly modified form of attack 609 00:38:35,040 --> 00:38:37,040 without being epileptic? 610 00:38:37,040 --> 00:38:39,040 Yes. 611 00:38:39,040 --> 00:38:41,040 Have you ever met women? 612 00:38:41,040 --> 00:38:43,040 who washes their hair in the bathtub? 613 00:38:43,040 --> 00:38:45,040 Yes. 614 00:38:45,040 --> 00:38:47,040 If you are in the bathtub and use soap, 615 00:38:47,040 --> 00:38:49,040 you can't get the soap out of your hair very well 616 00:38:49,040 --> 00:38:51,040 simply rinsing 617 00:38:51,040 --> 00:38:53,040 with the same soapy water, right? 618 00:38:53,040 --> 00:38:55,040 Not. 619 00:38:55,040 --> 00:38:57,040 Something very natural for a lady 620 00:38:57,040 --> 00:38:59,040 would be to 621 00:38:59,040 --> 00:39:01,040 leans forward 622 00:39:01,040 --> 00:39:03,040 putting his head under the tap, 623 00:39:03,040 --> 00:39:05,040 and leave the water fresh and clear 624 00:39:05,040 --> 00:39:07,040 to flow on her head. 625 00:39:07,040 --> 00:39:09,040 This would be one of the methods. 626 00:39:09,040 --> 00:39:11,040 Assuming a woman 627 00:39:11,040 --> 00:39:13,040 had a rather hot bath 628 00:39:13,040 --> 00:39:15,040 and was not in a 629 00:39:15,040 --> 00:39:17,040 too healthy condition, 630 00:39:17,040 --> 00:39:19,040 this is the evidence we have, 631 00:39:19,040 --> 00:39:21,040 and she rinses 632 00:39:21,040 --> 00:39:23,040 hair like this 633 00:39:23,040 --> 00:39:25,040 and suddenly faints, 634 00:39:25,040 --> 00:39:27,040 wouldn't it fall? 635 00:39:27,040 --> 00:39:31,040 The theory presented 636 00:39:31,040 --> 00:39:33,040 court by Marshall Hall 637 00:39:33,040 --> 00:39:35,040 was rejected by Spilsbury 638 00:39:35,040 --> 00:39:37,040 and although technically possible, 639 00:39:37,040 --> 00:39:39,040 did not convince the jury 640 00:39:39,040 --> 00:39:41,040 of the innocence of George Joseph Smith. 641 00:39:41,040 --> 00:39:43,040 In general, 642 00:39:43,040 --> 00:39:45,040 it was the brilliant mind of Bernard Spilsbury 643 00:39:45,040 --> 00:39:47,040 and his unyielding determination 644 00:39:47,040 --> 00:39:49,040 from Arthur Neill 645 00:39:49,040 --> 00:39:51,040 which would prove decisive. 646 00:39:51,040 --> 00:39:55,040 Marshall Hall 647 00:39:55,040 --> 00:39:57,040 with its theatrical brilliance and fancies 648 00:39:57,040 --> 00:39:59,040 he failed to save his client. 649 00:39:59,040 --> 00:40:01,040 The jury retired 650 00:40:01,040 --> 00:40:05,040 on June 30, 1915, 651 00:40:05,040 --> 00:40:07,040 and it only took 20 minutes 652 00:40:07,040 --> 00:40:10,040 to decide the fate of George Smith. 653 00:40:10,040 --> 00:40:30,040 George Joseph Smith 654 00:40:30,040 --> 00:40:34,040 was executed at Maidstone Prison 655 00:40:34,040 --> 00:40:38,040 on August 13, 1915. 656 00:40:38,040 --> 00:40:44,040 He left behind his only lawful wife, 657 00:40:44,040 --> 00:40:46,040 Caroline Thornhill, 658 00:40:46,040 --> 00:40:49,040 whom he had married in 1898. 659 00:40:49,040 --> 00:40:52,040 The day after Smith's execution, 660 00:40:52,040 --> 00:40:55,040 she married a Canadian soldier. 661 00:40:55,040 --> 00:40:59,040 The Case of George Joseph Smith 662 00:40:59,040 --> 00:41:01,040 and of the Bride in the Tub 663 00:41:01,040 --> 00:41:04,040 would remain in the consciousness of the British public 664 00:41:04,040 --> 00:41:07,040 long after the end of the First World War, 665 00:41:07,040 --> 00:41:10,040 and his scary story would come back to the fore 666 00:41:10,040 --> 00:41:12,040 at the beginning of World War II. 667 00:41:12,040 --> 00:41:16,040 In 1939, Harold Nicholson, a famous politician, 668 00:41:16,040 --> 00:41:19,040 published a bestselling book titled 669 00:41:19,040 --> 00:41:21,040 Why is Britain at War, 670 00:41:21,040 --> 00:41:25,040 in which he likened the actions of Adolf Hitler in Europe 671 00:41:25,040 --> 00:41:28,040 with the modus operandi of George Joseph Smith. 672 00:41:28,040 --> 00:41:31,040 World War II also saw involvement 673 00:41:31,040 --> 00:41:34,040 to the man who helped convict Smith, 674 00:41:34,040 --> 00:41:36,040 Dr. Bernard Spilsbury. 675 00:41:36,040 --> 00:41:39,040 His forensic skills and knowledge of pathology 676 00:41:39,040 --> 00:41:42,040 were used in a top secret mission 677 00:41:42,040 --> 00:41:44,040 called Operation Mincemeat, 678 00:41:44,040 --> 00:41:47,040 who managed to fool the Nazi forces 679 00:41:47,040 --> 00:41:50,040 and save numerous allied lives. 680 00:41:50,040 --> 00:41:52,040 In the interwar years, however, 681 00:41:52,040 --> 00:41:57,040 Spilsbury testified in many other sensational trials. 682 00:41:57,040 --> 00:42:01,040 Bernard Spilsbury had this very important role 683 00:42:01,040 --> 00:42:04,040 in giving evidence in so many murder cases. 684 00:42:04,040 --> 00:42:07,040 Between the Crippen case and 1947, when he died, 685 00:42:07,040 --> 00:42:10,040 performed approximately 21,000 autopsies. 686 00:42:10,040 --> 00:42:13,040 The defense said: Well, if Spilsbury turns up 687 00:42:13,040 --> 00:42:16,040 for the other side, we don't really stand a chance. 688 00:42:16,040 --> 00:42:22,040 In modern terms, it would probably be criticized 689 00:42:22,040 --> 00:42:25,040 for expressing his personal opinion 690 00:42:25,040 --> 00:42:26,040 maybe a little too vehemently. 691 00:42:26,040 --> 00:42:30,040 And there have been some cases where the evidence 692 00:42:30,040 --> 00:42:33,040 could be interpreted in both ways. 693 00:42:33,040 --> 00:42:35,040 But he was a man of his time. 694 00:42:35,040 --> 00:42:39,040 He helped convict some poisoners 695 00:42:39,040 --> 00:42:43,040 such as Herbert Armstrong and Jean-Pierre Wackier. 696 00:42:43,040 --> 00:42:47,040 But his working method has been called into question. 697 00:42:47,040 --> 00:42:51,040 No doubt it helped the conviction 698 00:42:51,040 --> 00:42:55,040 and establishing the truth in a host of high-profile cases. 699 00:42:55,040 --> 00:42:58,040 He lived until 1947. 700 00:42:58,040 --> 00:43:02,040 Two of his sons had died and he was suffering from overwork. 701 00:43:02,040 --> 00:43:06,040 Finally, he went to his lab 702 00:43:06,040 --> 00:43:09,040 and put all the documents in order 703 00:43:09,040 --> 00:43:12,040 and then quietly took his own life. 704 00:43:12,040 --> 00:43:16,040 A very sad end to a very good career. 705 00:43:16,040 --> 00:43:20,040 It may have been a tragic end for Bernard Spilsbury, 706 00:43:20,040 --> 00:43:24,040 but he left behind a huge legacy. 707 00:43:24,040 --> 00:43:29,040 In the field of forensic science and criminal investigation. 708 00:43:29,040 --> 00:43:32,040 And his monumental efforts backfired 709 00:43:32,040 --> 00:43:36,040 on one of the nation's most ruthless killers, 710 00:43:36,040 --> 00:43:40,040 George Joseph Smith. 711 00:43:40,040 --> 00:43:45,040 Later in the century, he would probably have been classified as a psychopath, 712 00:43:45,040 --> 00:43:49,040 a man who acted without scruples, 713 00:43:49,040 --> 00:43:53,040 but which, nevertheless, had a special personal charm. 714 00:43:53,040 --> 00:43:58,040 But there was no such word for a man like Smith in 1915. 715 00:43:58,040 --> 00:44:01,040 He wildly exploited the unfair position 716 00:44:01,040 --> 00:44:05,040 of women in society for its own purposes. 717 00:44:05,040 --> 00:44:11,040 The suffragette movement helped remedy that 718 00:44:11,040 --> 00:44:15,040 many of the issues women faced in that era, 719 00:44:15,040 --> 00:44:19,040 and the outbreak of war led to the release of all the female prisoners 720 00:44:19,040 --> 00:44:22,040 closed for suffragette activities through an amnesty. 721 00:44:22,040 --> 00:44:27,040 The First World War changed society, 722 00:44:27,040 --> 00:44:30,040 bringing women into the workforce 723 00:44:30,040 --> 00:44:33,040 and later also in the political world. 724 00:44:33,040 --> 00:44:38,040 Although their legal status has improved, 725 00:44:38,040 --> 00:44:42,040 it will be a long time before the role of women in society 726 00:44:42,040 --> 00:44:46,040 to change enough so that they are no longer easy victims 727 00:44:46,040 --> 00:44:49,040 for people like George Joseph Smith, 728 00:44:49,040 --> 00:44:51,040 the killer known as Brides in the Bath. 729 00:44:51,040 --> 00:44:58,040 The old morality and rigidity of the pre-war days 730 00:44:58,040 --> 00:45:02,040 were not swept away by the carnage of the trenches, 731 00:45:02,040 --> 00:45:06,040 but they continued to affect the fate of women 732 00:45:06,040 --> 00:45:08,040 for decades. 733 00:45:08,040 --> 00:45:37,040 ¶¶ 734 00:45:37,040 --> 00:45:38,040 ¶¶ 735 00:45:38,040 --> 00:45:44,040 ¶¶ 736 00:45:44,040 --> 00:45:44,500 thank you 737 00:45:44,500 --> 00:46:14,480 Thanks for watching!